The Acropolis of Rhodes

A Chronological Captivation in Stone

The Acropolis of Rhodes stands as a testament to the ancient city of Rhodes, dating back to the 5th century BC and situated merely 3 kilometers southwest from the heart of the modern city.

Perched on Monte Smith, it offers panoramic views over the island’s west coast, comprising key archaeological remnants significant to its historic fabric, including the Temples of Athena Polias and Zeus Polieus, and the Temple of Apollo. Notably, this site diverges from typical acropoleis by foregoing the construction of a fortified citadel.

History reveals that in 408 BC, amidst the waning years of the Peloponnesian War, the unification of the island’s three cities, Lindos, Kameiros, and Ialysos, birthed a synoecism, thus establishing a new capital in the Ialysia region.

It’s believed that the urban plan was designed by Hippodamos of Miletus, adopting a grid layout that contrasted the dense urban sprawl below with its more open, terraced green spaces, as per Aelius Aristides. The acropolis served as a sanctuary during the 316 BC flash flood, offering refuge from the waterlogged city center.

The architectural landscape of the acropolis also shifted following the Siege of Rhodes in 305-304 BC, as citizens dismantled certain structures to hastily erect defensive walls, a decision sparked by a vow to reconstruct grander edifices post-siege.

Further transformations ensued after the 228 BC earthquake, with renewal efforts supported generously by the wider Greek community, signifying the acropolis’ zenith in Rhodes’ political and economic narrative until 167 BC when Delos emerged as a free trade haven.

Post-World War II, the Greek Archaeological Service resumed the excavation and restoration tasks initiated by the Italian School of Archaeology at Athens from 1912 to 1945.

This painstaking work has rejuvenated the Temple of Pythian Apollo and continues within the encompassing Acropolis Archaeological Park, safeguarding 12,500 square meters from modern development. Despite the limited excavated area, the potential for further discovery beckons.

Landscaping and architecture harmonize across the Acropolis, with monuments from the Hellenistic period gracefully tiered on stepped terraces, flanked by robust retaining walls.

The Architectural Marvels of the Acropolis of Rhodes

Each component of the Acropolis of Rhodes showcases the ingenuity and spirit of Hellenistic architecture, reflecting a blend of functionality and artistry that has endured through the ages. Key elements of this historic site include:

• The Temple of Athena Polias and Zeus Polieus: Serving as a centerpiece for worship, this dual-deity temple underscores the religious significance of the Acropolis. Dedicated to Athena Polias, the goddess of the city, and Zeus Polieus, protector of the polis, its ruins hint at a once imposing structure integral to the spiritual life on the island.
• The Temple of Apollo: This Doric temple, dedicated to the god of music, healing, and the sun, crowns the highest platform of the acropolis. Though only a few columns have been re-erected, they stand as beacons of the acropolis’ former glory, offering insights into the architectural ambition and precision of ancient builders.
• The Stadium: Lying to the east of the main temple area, the stadium is a testament to the ancient Greeks’ love for athletics and competition. It played host to track and field events, with its U-shaped track and tiered seating areas carved directly from the rock.
• The Odeon: The small marble theater, or Odeon, provided a venue for musical performances and public gatherings. Its intimate setting contrasts with the grandeur of the nearby temples, yet it remains an essential element of the acropolis’ social and cultural landscape.
• Nymphaea: These monumental fountains, often dedicated to nymphs, were an intricate part of the ancient city, providing fresh water to its inhabitants through elaborate aqueduct systems. Their remains echo the sophisticated engineering skills and the appreciation of aesthetic beauty that characterized Hellenistic societies.

The Legend of the Dragon of Rhodes

Amongst the rich tapestry of history and mythology that envelops the island of Rhodes, a particularly thrilling legend stands out, dating back to the 14th century. It was a time when the island was supposedly terrorized by a formidable dragon, lurking within the swampy depths near a path on the hill, ominously named Mal Paso or “Bad Path,” today recognized as Monte Smith.

This path earned its name due to the lurking presence of the dragon, making any passage through it a perilous venture. The creature, described as an enormous beast extending over 20 meters in length, possessed a hide so thick that it was impenetrable to the swords and conventional weapons wielded by the knights of the era.

The dragon’s reign led to widespread fear across Rhodes; children vanished, cattle were mercilessly slaughtered, and knights who dared to confront the beast never returned. Given the mounting casualties, Grand Master Hélion de Villeneuve issued a stark prohibition against further attempts on the dragon’s life, under threat of expulsion from the Order.

Defying this mandate, Knight Dieudonne de Gozon formulated a daring strategy. He returned to his ancestral home in France under the guise of visiting his father’s castle, where he constructed a sizeable replica of the dragon.

This was not a mere model but a training apparatus for him, his two specially trained bloodhounds, and his trusted steed. After arduous preparation, de Gozon returned to Rhodes, determined to remove the threat of the dragon from Mal Paso.

The confrontation was fierce, and despite the initial setbacks – including a forceful blow that dismounted de Gozon and the daunting size of the dragon which prevented the hounds from attacking effectively – de Gozon exploited his knowledge of the dragon’s vulnerability. A decisive thrust of his sword into the dragon’s underbelly ended its tyranny.

This act of valor temporarily placed de Gozon at odds with Grand Master Hélion de Villeneuve, who demanded punishment for disobedience. However, the people of Rhodes rallied in de Gozon’s defense, acknowledging his heroism.

Eventually, the Grand Master relented, recognizing de Gozon’s motives were in the public’s interest, which led to de Gozon ascending to the rank of Grand Master himself between 1346 and 1353.

To dispel any doubts about the beast’s existence, the supposed skull of the dragon was displayed above the d’Amboise Gate at the Medieval Castle, where it was observed until 1837, though many speculated it to be the skull of a crocodile. This display served as a lasting reminder of the legend and de Gozon’s bravery, cementing his legacy within the lore of Rhodes and the Order of Knights.

Step into the Magic of Rhodes After Dark!

Enhance your journey with our magical half-day city tour, revealing the stunning allure of Rhodes just as the sun sets.

About Your Tour

• Free Cancellation: You can cancel up to 24 hours in advance for a full refund.
• Reserve Now & Pay Later: Book now to secure your place and pay nothing upfront, keeping your travel plans flexible.
• Duration: 5 hours. Check starting times for availability.
• Live Tour Guide: Conducted in English.
• Pickup Service: Please arrive at the pickup location 10 minutes before your designated time.

Tour Highlights

Options for 65 pickup and drop-off locations

• Mandraki Harbour: Enjoy a photo opportunity, a guided tour, and sightseeing on a bus tour, with scenic views and sunset watching during a 15-minute stop.
• Acropolis of Rhodes: Capture the moment with a photo stop, delve into history with a guided tour, and enjoy the sightseeing walk during sunset for 20 minutes.
• Odeon Ancient Theater: A 20-minute visit that includes a photo stop, a guided tour, and sightseeing.
• Rhodes Old Town: Indulge in dessert, explore with a guided tour, enjoy shopping, and experience a walk through the area, tasting regional food over 2.5 hours.

Discovering the Monte Smith Area and the Open Expanse of the Acropolis

The Monte Smith area, named after the British Admiral Sir Sidney Smith, who played a crucial role during the Napoleonic Wars, is not only the scenic location of the Acropolis of Rhodes but also a destination that offers visitors a blend of natural beauty and historical significance.

This picturesque hilltop, which offers unparalleled views of the Aegean Sea and the surrounding landscape, is a testament to the fusion of cultural heritage and natural elegance. The open area of the Acropolis, devoid of the dense urban sprawl typically associated with ancient Greek acropoleis, presents a unique exploration opportunity.

Unlike other ancient acropoleis enclosed within intimidating fortifications, the Acropolis of Rhodes is open, extending an invitation to wander freely among its historical ruins and green spaces. This openness not only enhances the visual appeal of the site but also encourages a deeper connection with the land’s past.

Guests are encouraged to take their time meandering through the ancient ruins, where each step uncovers a layer of history, and the open skies above mirror the openness of the exploration experience.

This area, with its blend of architectural marvels set against the backdrop of Rhodes’ natural landscapes, serves as a vivid reminder of the intertwined history of human achievement and natural beauty.

The Lure of the Acropolis

The Acropolis of Rhodes welcomes adventurers and culture enthusiasts, offering more than just sightseeing. It’s a nod to history and a hub for cultural exchanges. Whether you’re visiting alone, attending a seminar, or joining a festival, the Acropolis promises a memorable journey. With its ancient ruins and panoramic views of the sea and city, it captures Rhodes’ essence. Exploring the Acropolis feels like a walk through time, creating lasting memories. Your adventure awaits—step into history at the Acropolis of Rhodes.