The Hidden Villages of Rhodes
August 9, 2024
The Red Gate at the Castle of Rhodes
August 24, 2024Table of Contents
Introduction
Encompassing centuries of conflict, culture, and conquest, the gates of the Castle of Rhodes stand as grand sentinels of history. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean, this fortress has witnessed the ebb and flow of empires, from the Knights of St. John to the Ottoman Turks, and later, the Italians and British.
Each stone in the castle’s walls whispers tales of valor, sacrifice, and the unyielding spirit of its people. Today, we turn our focus to two formidable gateways— the Gate of St. Athanasius and the Red Gate—that encapsulate the rich and often tumultuous history of Rhodes.
The Majestic Castle of Rhodes
The Castle of Rhodes is more than just an architectural marvel; it’s a living museum that invites history buffs and travelers alike to explore its storied past.
Walking through its corridors, especially passing through the Gate of St. Athanasius and the Red Gate, feels like stepping back in time—a time when clashing swords and battle cries were everyday occurrences. Its imposing structure, complete with turrets, towers, and fortified walls, continues to fascinate all who enter.
A Tale of the Gate of St. Athanasius and the Red Gate
At the heart of the Castle of Rhodes lie two iconic gateways that have played pivotal roles in the island’s history. The Gate of St. Athanasius and the Red Gate are not merely points of entry but have served as key players in the narratives of conquest and cultural transformation. Each gate has its own story to tell, offering insights into the complexities of Rhodes’ past.
The Gate of St. Athanasius (San Francisco Gate)
The Triumph and Sealing by Suleiman the Magnificent
Historical Context and Construction
The Gate of St. Athanasius, situated prominently within the fortress, was originally constructed by the Knights of St. John.
It served as a critical access point, both strategically and symbolically, during the various sieges that Rhodes faced over the years. Its construction was a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of the knights who built the fortifications of Rhodes to withstand the test of time.
Suleiman’s Victory and the Sealing of the Gate
The gate’s history took a dramatic turn in 1522 when Suleiman the Magnificent besieged Rhodes. After a fierce six-month battle, the Sultan entered the city through the Gate of St. Athanasius, marking a pivotal moment in the island’s history.
To signify the permanence of Islamic rule, the gate was sealed by the Turks, remaining closed for 400 years. This act was steeped in symbolism, representing the Sultan’s triumph and the enduring presence of Ottoman power.
The Opening of the Gate by the Italians
In 1922, a new chapter began when the Italians reopened the Gate of St. Athanasius. This event marked the end of Ottoman dominion and heralded the beginning of Italian influence in Rhodes. The reopening was more than a physical act; it was a declaration of change, reflecting the shifting geopolitical landscape of the era.
The Red Gate (Gate of St. John)
The Blood-Soaked Portal of History
Origins and Early Names
The Red Gate, alternatively known as the Gate of St. John, has been a vital artery for commerce and military logistics. Its various monikers, such as “Koskinou Gate” and “The Master Builder’s Gate,” speak to its multifaceted role in Rhodes’ history. This gate was crucial for merchants and soldiers alike, serving as a bridge between the fortified city and the outside world.
The Siege of 1522 and the Birth of the Red Gate
The summer of 1522 saw a relentless siege by Suleiman the Magnificent. Despite the valiant defense mounted by the Knights and Rhodians, the Turks ultimately prevailed.
The ensuing massacre of civilians stained the earth red with blood, giving rise to the gate’s ominous name, the “Red Gate.” This moniker has become synonymous with the tragedy and resilience that characterize the history of fortifications in Rhodes.
Cultural Transformation Under Ottoman Rule
The Ottoman period saw the Red Gate continue as a focal point of cultural and historical significance. An Arabic inscription above the gate reads, “O Thou who openest the door, open for us the gate of happiness,” highlighting the gate’s symbolic importance. The area became infamous for public executions, including the hanging of Constantine the Hydra, reflecting the darker aspects of Ottoman rule.
The Gates Under Italian and British Control
The Italian Occupation and the Revival of Rhodes
Italian Influence and Architectural Restoration
In 1912, the Italians seized control of Rhodes, entering through the Red Gate. Their occupation brought about significant architectural restoration, breathing new life into the ancient structures. The Italians placed a marble plaque at the gate, commemorating their historic entry and underscoring their impact on the island’s cultural heritage.
The World War II Bombings and the Red Gate’s Legacy
World War II ushered in another period of turmoil for Rhodes. British bombings inflicted significant damage on the Red Gate, emblematic of the broader destruction wrought by the war. Yet, even as the British entered Rhodes as liberators, the gates continued to symbolize both conflict and the hope for freedom.
Conclusion
The gates of the Castle of Rhodes serve as significant historical and cultural symbols, reflecting the island’s rich past shaped by conquest and resilience. The Gate of St. Athanasius and the Red Gate showcase architectural excellence and the complex socio-political dynamics of Rhodes.
